![]() In this way, genetic information is passed down from generation to generation.īefore replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form, in the process breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases. ![]() Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerases are required to duplicate the cell's DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each daughter cell. These enzymes catalyze the chemical reaction deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA n ⇌ pyrophosphate + DNA n+1.ĭNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the three prime (3')-end of a DNA strand, one nucleotide at a time. During this process, DNA polymerase "reads" the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones. These enzymes are essential for DNA replication and usually work in groups to create two identical DNA duplexes from a single original DNA duplex. 3D structure of the DNA-binding helix-turn-helix motifs in human DNA polymerase beta (based on PDB file 7ICG)Ī DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA.
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